That's really great, Art. It's a very good approximation for a HS student!
And if you ever get a chance to get to the museum in Amsterdam you need to. I was lucky enough to visit around 2010 and I am pretty sure my heart stopped a few times while walking through. I have been to quite a few art museums in my day but there a bunch of pieces there that literally took my breath away. It's well worth the effort getting over there.
Not sure about a slag, it might be a transparent swirl of some sort. Your first pic has the best focus and comparing it to the others, it seems you may want to get just a little farther away from the marble to get a good pic.
I didn't think marbles dated - they're inanimate objects. 😁
But a good place to start looking for manufacturing dates is in the "Timeline" threads in Steph's Study Hall.
🙂
Just a tip - to get the most accurate measurement you need to move the marble away from the ruler part of the caliper. This reading is probably about 2 mm shy of reality.