I'm not an expert. But I think it's "copper oxide" or "cupric oxide". CuO. I think that gets your turquoise and green.
And copper in a more pure form may be used to get reds.
We're straying from the topic in a big way.
Might be cool to start a new thread on the blueboy versus superboy examples.
Or could add them in the marble comparison thread here:
http://marbleconnection.com/topic/20318-marble-comparison-thread/