Measurements are done with calipers. General advice is to avoid metal calipers, to protect the glass from scratches.
Your bird is a "sulphide". It is a handmade marble made in Germany in the 1800's or early 1900's.
The next two marbles are also handmades, from Germany, from that time range. I'm no good with giving the names of handmade styles. They can get very technical. The one that's not cracked might be a "divided ribbon core", but do not take my word for that!
As well as I can tell with the views given, the black and white marbles is an Akro "corkscrew". From the 1930's.
Below that is a stone marble. With that pattern it could be called a bullseye agate. It looks like it may have been someone's favorite shooter. (It has many hit marks on it -- which add character to a shooter -- but not monetary value, you'll understand.) Likely from Germany, possibly from the same time period as your other Germans.
The solid reddish marble also has quite a few hits. I thought it looked like glass but with it surviving that many hits maybe I'm wrong about that.
The rest of the marbles are called slags . At least one is what is called "handgathered", where someone dipped the glass out of a pot on a punty and then snipped it off and sent it down the mechanized rollers. The slags are from the around 1903 to around 1930. During this time the marble-making process switched from handgathering to a more fully-automated gob-feeding method. These are made in America.